CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING K-POPPERS EXOL IN SOCIAL MEDIA TWITTER

The research is conducted in order to describe the types of code switching and code mixing K-Popers in the social media twitter. The purpose of this study is to get some information on the types of code mixing and code switching frequently used by K-Popers EXOL. The technique of collecting data is observation, documentation method, and questionnaire. The researcher used triangulation as technique of analyzing data. Source of the data are taken from Twitter written by K-Popers EXOL. The data of this data research are comments, videos and photo statements posted by EXOL in social media Twitter from February – June 2021. The research finding shows three types of switching codes, they are Inter-sentential switching, Intra-sentential switching and emblematic switching. The most dominated code switching is inter-sentential switching (24 data). And, two types of code mixing are intern code mixing and extern code mixing. The most dominated of code mixing is extern code mixing with 27 data from 41 total data. In this research, none of intern code mixing are found.


INTRODUCTION
Language and humans are two elements which cannot be separated because language is the means of communication that human uses in social life both verbally and non-verbally. (Rihany, A, 2018) Language is the most important thing as a communication media for human life in which language is used to convey the message or intent of the speaker to listener, thus forming social interaction. It means that the main function of language is a media of communication, socialization, and interaction between one another so that it becomes a social and community. Sociolinguistics is a branch of learning about language related to society. The exploration of code selection in Sociolinguistics is inseparable from the concept of bilingualism or

Vol 4 No 2 AUGUST 2021
Publisher Language and Literature Faculty, University of Surakarta ISSN Print: 2621-9077 ISSN Online: 2621-9085 multilingualism. Fishman (1975: 73) conceived bilingualism as the use of two languages by a speaker in the interaction with other speakers in turn. To use two languages, a speaker must master both languages, including his mother tongue and another language as his second language. Nababan (1984: 27) revealed that a bilingual person could to use two or more languages in conversation with others. The ability to use two or more languages covers receptive abilities (reading and listening) and productive abilities (speaking and writing). Bilingualism occurs due to the cultural contact between two groups of speakers that speak different languages. The cultural contact can occur in science and technology, health, politics, religion, trade, and social and economic aspects. The condition will result in language contact among bilingual speakers and speech communities. Suwito (1985: 39) stated that the use of two or more interchangeable languages by the same speaker would lead to language change. Switching code is transitioning from one language to another language. For example, the shift in conversation that initially spoke Indonesian turned into English. As researchers formerly, Kridalaksana (2008) stated that decoding is the use of variation of another language in one event aimed at adjusting to the roles and situation because of the other participants. Suwandi (2008) also noted that it is one of the aspects of language dependency of bilingual or multilingual as today. According to Bullock (2009) cited in (Ahmad & Jean, 2018) stated that code-switching refers to the capacity of using, replacing, or switching to languages in use. In the case, speaker at least has the proficiency of the second language in addition to the first language so that he or she might switch from the first language to the second language and vice versa. (Hoffman, C, 1991) divided three types of switching codes namely.
1. Intra-Sentensial Switching The kind of code switching that happens in a phrase in one sentence.

Inter-Sentensial Switching
The kind of code switching that happens between a clause or a sentence in a language.

Emblematic Switching
Instead of a tag and exclamation word in a language that is meant to be spoken or made else where. Suwito (2001) differentiated code-switching according to the clause and the sentences surrounding in the second types that is extern mixing codes and internal mixing codes. Bilingual societies are intertwined with the mixing and switching codes of communicating especially in the global generation era which is as advanced as today. The switching codes are transition to use one code to another (Chaer dan Agustina, 2004). According to Wardaugh (2006) cited in (Agus Rahmat, 2020) stated that code-mixing happens when a statement or utterance uses both language in same time to the extent that they change from one language to another course in the single utterance. As did the previous researcher Noviarita (2019) stated that transfer of linguistics elements from one language into another language is code mixing.
Code mixing is a situation where the speaker mixing two or more languages with a mere rules of relaxation that must be obeyed (Nababan, 1993). Meanwhile, (Harimurti Kridalaksana, 2008) explained that mixing code is the use of a language unit from one language to another language to expand language style or variant including the use of words, clause, and greetings.

Surakarta English and Literature Journal
As for Suwito (2001), divided the mixing codes in the root and word into two types 1) Extern mixing code 2) Intern mixing code. The aim of the research was to find out the interaction of the Indonesian K-Poppers especially EXOL in the social media Twitter using code-mixing and codeswitching. The research also provides information needed by everyone to study code-mixing and code-switching so they will get more understanding about types of switching code and mixing code.

METHODOLOGY
The study refers to qualitative approach because the data of this research are words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. This study is referred to qualitative technique because the data presented gives a real understanding compared to those in number or frequency. The researcher used three technique methods to collect the data for this research namely.
a. Observation This method is done to obtain the data by observing the use of language carefully. b. Documentation method This method is done by devising a data gathering technique using a previous recorded event in the form of writing or drawing by a person. c. Questionnaire It is a list for questions for data collection or research. This data collection technique is done in writing using a tee-base based method to be distributed to account owners aimed at getting preliminary data of information leading to EXOL contributing factors mixing codes into social media twitter.
The researcher used the method of analysing documents to analyse research of the data, since they contain written data of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. Source of the data are taken from Twitter. All of written by K-Popers EXOL contains elements of switching code and mixing code. The data of this research are all comments, Twitter statuses, videos and photo statements posted in twitter by EXOL from February to June 2021. The researcher used a triangulation method to validate the data.

FINDING AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter, the findings and discussion of this study will be described such as the following sentences. There are types of switching codes and mixing codes by Hoffman, C, (1991) and Suwito, (2001) theories.

FINDING
In this chapter, the analysis of the data is in line with the research questions. The researcher used method of analysing document for analysing switching code and mixing code. Based on the previous chapter, the data of this study are a written list of speech sent by EXOL on Twitter.

Surakarta English and Literature Journal
The researcher will run a data analysis on every EXOL speech containing unsure switching code and mixing code.

Code Switching
Code switching is a transition from one language to another language. Or in other words, if the speakers inquire the one code (Indonesian) and switch using another code (English) or another language. In this research, the researcher would classify switching code of K-Poppers using Hoffman theory.
Hoffman, C, (1991) classified code switching into three namely 1) Intra-sentensial switching 2) Inter-sentential switching 3) Emblematic switching. The results of the analysis can be seen in Table 1.1 and 1.2, as follows: Of the tables, it can be known that extern codes is the most dominant code that EXOL used in their statements in social media Twitter and the factors that encourage EXOL mixing codes in Surakarta English and Literature Journal their statements is discussing particular topic. On the next discussion, the researcher will describe the results of the advanced analysis with the limited data. This is in the data that collected in this research mostly has many characteristics, allowing the researcher to generalize the data that are considered to have similarities with other data.

DISCUSSION
In this chapter, the form of using the slang words are often used by EXOL for transferring and mixing the code in their statements on Twitter.
(Statemens from account @HI_chena on April, 03 2021) From the comments, it can be identified that it belongs to "Intra-sentential switching" . This is because switching code is in the form of phrase "let's see" in the sentence. In this text, the researcher also found the slang words used by the speaker in her statement such as the word "Baekhyun <34U" who has meaning "baekhyun heart for you", which is taught by the EXO members to the fans before they entered in military, and the next slang in the word "Surem" which means "SpuperM".

Data AK08
@Mrsehunohh Apa sehun suka itu?? Omo omo sehun uri maknae haha remember it.. kamu sama ikan aja takut, lihat merkat lari udahlah yg gak lu takutin cuman vivi doang jujur aja hunn kita ngerti kok wkwk (comentar account @Mrsehunohh on March, 21 2021) Of the text, it can be identified that there is "Intra-Sentensial Switching", because it occurs in the form of phrase "remember it" after the clause limit in a sentence. In this text, the reseacher found two codes used by the speaker to transfer the code in his statements. They are Korean language "omo omo sehun uri maknae" which means "OMG sehun the youngest member", and English language in phrase "remember it".

(Terimakasih sudah mengisi kehaluanku selama ini) Mari bersama untuk kedepannya dengan waktu yang lama. See u on top my peterpan. I'm your TinkerBell will always stay with you. Sayang EXO banyak² <3
#엑소 #EXO @weareoneEXO (Caption from account @novasilaban6 on April, 08 2021) Of the text, it can be indentified that there is "Inter-Sentensial Switching" because the code occurs in the form of sentence which is See u on top my peterpan. I'm your TinkerBell will always stay with you.

c. Emblematic Switching
Data AK 10 @ParkChanyeolINA # CHANYEOL Miilitary Update! OP dikirimkan foto oleh teman kuliahnya. Cr0522cy (Caption from account @ParkChanyeolINA on April, 25 2021) Of the text, it can be identified that caption is one type of switching code namely emblematic switching. Instead of a code that comes up with a sign # which means "hastags" in the word #CHANYEOL, and an exciting word with a sign "!" in the phrase "MILITARY UPDATE!" at the end of the sentence. In the text, the researcher also found two slang words used by the author in his caption, that is in the word "OP" which means "original person". It is a word often used by K-Poppers that refers to the first person to provide such information. The next slang word is "Cr" which means "credit". It is an abbreviation often used by social media users to refer to whose accounts informations, news, photos or videos are cited.
a. Intern code mixing In the text, the author used Javanase in the word "ijo" that means "green" in English. "Ijo" refers to the green colour on the light stick of the boy gorup NCT fans. It can be called the intern mixing code because the javanase language is a lunar language with Indonesian language according to the geographic location.
b. Extern code mixing The words "btw" and "fandom" are English words that are reffered to extern mixing code because @HI_chena used two English words in her caption. In this text, the researcher also found English acronim on the word "fandom" which has an intitial words for "fans" and "kingdoom". Factor that affect the author to mix the code in the caption is for "lexical needs" because the word "fandom" is always used by K-Poppers to call their comunnity for example "fandom EXOL".

Data CK06
@HI_chena Kalau Chanyeol gak di up berarti next member yg wamil juga gk usah di up (caption from account @HI_chena on March, 29 2021) Of the text, it is one type of code mixing namely " extern mixing code", because the author used English word "up" and phrase "next member" in one sentence to mix the codes. In the caption, the researcher found one of slang word in the word "up" which is an abbrevation from the word "update". Factor that affect the author to mix the code in her caption is "Reinfroce something". It can be identified that the author wants to affirm to staff, while they did not share photos the next members EXO who join military if Chanyeol photo does not share.

Data CK41
@CuapMiring Punya bubble xiumin berasa punya pacar, dia pap terus Kalau Kyungsoo sama Baekhyun berasa di spam sms sama nasked covid (Comentar from account @CuapMiring on June, 29 2021) There is one type of code-mixing found which is "exstern mixing code". It is because the author used English words "bubble" and "spam" to mix the code in her caption. The reseacher found Indonesian acronim in the word "nakes" which has an intitial wods "tenaga kesehatan" in Indonesian and "healthcare workers" in English language. Factor that affected the author to do mixing code in her caption is "Discussing particular topic". It is because the author wants to inform the fans that is different from ximin and kyungsoo when they sent a bubble message for their fans. The findings related to the code switching code mixing signify comparisons with other studies. Song (2019) reveals the practice of code switching of Korean and British children from the perspective of language socialisation by using ethnographic and discourse analysis. From the research, the result finds the similarity of the use of code switching between those two languages in communication in different environment. The research includes the family environment and outer family environment (children playing neighbourhood). Meanwhile, Koban (2013) on Intrasentensial code switching by revealing higher average than Inter-sentential code switching, and the speakers dominantly, Turkish and English, use Intra-sentential code switching than Intersentential one. Meanwhile, this research takes out as K-Popers EXOL from twitter the observation. Therefore, this research is unlike the previous study.

CONCLUSION
Based o the data that has been described above, it can be concluded that the results of code switching and code mixing of K-Popers EXOL on social media Twitter are as follows: 1. Code Switching The researcher found 57 data for code-switching. She conducted an analysis by categorizing the data into types of switching code by the theory of Hoffman, C, (1991). The research results are as follows: a. "Intra-Sentential switching" by EXOL is as many as 24 data from total data of 57. b. "Emblematic Switching" by EXOL is 15 data from 57 total data. c. "Intra-Sentensial Switching" is the most dominant from all switching code did by K-Poppers especially EXOL.

Factors of Code Mixing
Based on the results, the researcher found five factors that encourage EXOL did code mixing are as follows: a. Discussing pariculary topic : 19 frequency data b. Reinfroce someone : 3 frequency data c. Quotes a particular character : 14 frequency data d. Itention of clarify : 4 frequency data e. Lexical needs : 1 frequency data